→ Rapid urban population growth rate (4.6 per cent).

→ High water prices.

→ Weak cost recovery and financial viability of public water utility.

→ In formalisation of water service provision in peri-urban areas.

→ Degradation of water source catchments increases treatment costs.

→ 60 percent of rural water systems are not operational.

→ Informalisation of water service provision (inadequate quality control and maintenance).

→ High incidence of bacteriological contamination.

→ Low investment allocations (15 percent of total).

→ Physical degradation of drinking water sources.

→ Poaching has diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges

→ Desertification

→ Deforestation

→ The stainless steel shell of the cartridge is covered in nanosilver particles for water disinfection. The natural way!

→ On the shell of the filter cartridge is a special stainless steel spiral microwire that is wounded around the frame multiple times. 

→ The stainless steel spiral microwire is thinner than a human hair. The distance between the microwire pores is 0.2-0.3 microns.

→ The self auto oscillations in the spiral micro-wire arise from hydrodynamic processes in a turbulent vortex flow.

→ Water that enters the filter under pressure passes through between the spiral microwire pores and impurities don't pass and get finished out by the drain valve.

→ Due to the vortex vibration of the spiral microwire impurities cannot stick to the filter element and drop down vertically for flushing.

→ Once pure water passes into the filter cartridge it passes a multipolar magnetic unit that is mixed with amber and rhinestone crystals for structured H302 live water with perfect balanced pH.

→ Impurities accumulate at the bottom of the flask. Flushing of the filter can be done manually or with an electric auto flushing device.